For the purposes of this debate, a “villain arc” refers to a period following rejection, betrayal, humiliation or another painful experience in which a person responds by becoming more self-interested, emotionally detached, confrontational or ruthless.

Popular culture and social media sometimes celebrate this transformation as empowering, portraying the person as finally becoming stronger, refusing to be taken advantage of, or “choosing themselves.”

Examples include Maleficent becoming vengeful following Stefan’s betrayal, Cruella embracing a more ruthless persona after years of rejection and mistreatment, and the popular “villain era” trend on TikTok, where people are encouraged to respond to heartbreak or disrespect by becoming colder, less forgiving and more self-focused.

You are a 16 year old named Sunny Tan. Since you were a young child, your parents have run a highly successful family-vlogging channel documenting your family's everyday life.

The channel now provides most of your family's income, and a significant part of its popularity comes from viewers who have watched you grow up.

You increasingly dislike having your friendships, relationships, personal struggles and major life events shared with millions of people. If you stop appearing in the channel, it is likely that your family's audience and income will significantly decline.

For the purposes of this debate, seeking power means explicitly teaching ambition, competition, negotiation, coalition-building, political strategy and the pursuit of positions of authority. Service-oriented leadership emphasises responsibility, empathy, community contribution, consensus-building and using leadership to help others.

Traditionally, most video games were sold as substantially complete products: consumers purchased the game and played the content included with it.

A live-service game is designed to operate continuously over a long period and frequently receives new seasons, characters, events or content. These games are commonly monetised through subscriptions, battle passes, cosmetic purchases and/or other microtransactions. Examples include Fortnite, Genshin Impact and many multiplayer titles.

Assume that a country has limited capacity and cannot accept all asylum seekers seeking admission.

Cultural similarity refers to factors such as shared language, religion, customs, social norms or historical ties. Geographical proximity refers to how physically close an asylum seeker’s country of origin is to the receiving country.

For the purposes of this debate, artificial sentience refers to an artificial being capable of consciousness, emotions, preferences and experiencing pleasure or suffering.

Odysseus is attempting to bring his crew home after years at war.

Their only realistic route requires passing through a dangerous strait. On one side is Scylla, a monster. If Odysseus sails past Scylla, he knows that six members of his crew will certainly be killed, but the rest of the ship will survive.

Odysseus knows this information. His crew does not.