The African National Congress (ANC) is the ruling party
in South Africa. It has been in power since it negotiated
with the governing National Party in 1993 to end
apartheid, after 8 decades of struggle.
At the time, the ANC prioritised securing legal and
political rights, and the first democratic election was
held in 1994.
Today, South Africa is the most industrialised country in
Africa, but also the country with the worst income
inequality in the world. Black South Africans own only
4% of private land.

Participatory Budgeting (PB) is a democratic
process in which citizens directly decide how to
spend part of a public budget. Most of the
current implementations of PB operate at the
municipal level.
In 2017, Portugal became the first nation to
launch participatory budgeting at national level.
It has three experiments: a general participatory
budget, one for youths, and one for schools.

Keystone species are animals which are
disproportionately important to the survival
of an ecosystem.
For example, bees are a keystone species
because their pollination is necessary for the
reproduction of certain plants; Pacific salmon
are another example, because they are the
main food source for many predators when
they migrate upriver in the spring