The "Reductio Emotionum" is a device that is capable of limiting the intensity of emotions an individual may feel (this includes both pleasure and pain).

Sharia refers to Islamic religious law. Many countries have dual-legal systems, with Sharia courts existing alongside secular courts.

Infilling refers to the process of building new housing in an already established neighbourhood, such as: 
-putting up a row of town houses where one or more single
-family homes stood previously-constructing a new building on a vacant lot

Note: Metropolitan cities are cities with a population of more than 4 million, e.g. Delhi, Shanghai.

A starving artist is an artist who sacrifices material well-being in order to focus on their artwork. Some starving artists desire mainstream success but have difficulty doing so. These artists frequently take temporary positions such as waitering or other service industry jobs while they focus their attention on "breaking through" in their preferred field.

Prescriptive approaches to language typically impose what is the "correct" way to use language, including but not limited to, grammar, syntax etc.

Descriptive approaches to language aims to teach language through observing and describing how language can be used differently, across speakers and contexts and are more accepting of varieties eg. African American Vernacular English, Singlish etc.